Existen numerosos métodos para mecanizar los agujeros internos y las superficies de las piezas de torno de CNC, incluido perforación, repente, aburrido, torneado, molienda, broaching, lapping, honing, and rolling.
Applicable Methods for Machining Internal Holes of CNC Lathe Parts
Enlarging (Semiacabado)
Enlarging is the process of further processing an already drilled hole using an enlarging drill to increase the diameter, improve accuracy, and reduce surface roughness.
- Tolerance: IT11 to IT10
- Surface roughness: Ra12.5 to 6.3μm
It is considered a semi-finishing method for holes and is often used as a pre-processing step before reaming. It can also be used as a final finish for holes with low precision.
1. Perforación
Drilling a hole in a solid part of a workpiece with a drill is called roughing.
- Tolerance: IT13 to IT11
- Surface roughness: Ra50 to 12.5μm
This is because twist drills are long, have small core diameters, and lack rigidity, and are also affected by the chisel edge.
2. Reaming
Reaming is a finishing method for holes following semi-finishing (enlarging or semi-finishing boring).
- Tolerance: IT9 to IT6
- Surface roughness: Ra3.2 to 0.8μm (special cases up to Ra0.4–0.2μm)
There are two methods for reaming:
- Machine reaming: performed on a machine tool
- Manual reaming: performed manually
3. Hole Turning
Hole turning on a lathe involves rotating the workpiece while the tool moves.
- The hole size can be controlled by the tool’s depth of cut and number of passes.
- Mainly used for producing holes in components such as discs and small brackets.
4. Aburrido
Boring involves further processing a drilled, cast, or forged hole using a boring tool. This can be performed on a lathe, boring machine, or milling machine.
Types of boring:
- Rough boring: Tolerance IT13–IT12, Ra12.5–6.3μm
- Semi-finishing boring: Tolerance IT10–IT9, Ra6.3–3.2μm
- Finishing boring: Tolerance IT8–IT7, Ra1.6–0.8μm
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